Esau lost the right to give birth to God’s people on earth This is the part of the birthright that possibly stands out the most in biblical writings, mostly because of the fact that from Esau’s renunciation of the birthright, Jacob is presented as the line of succession from which God’s people eventually emerge. Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentils, and he did eat and drink, and rose up, and went his way. Esau was the firstborn child of Isaac – Gen 25:25. So Esau swore to Jacob and sold him the birthright. 2. delicious-smellingsoup for his birthright. Esau had sold his birthright to Jacob because he was hungry. Jacob did sin when he deceived Isaac by stealing Esau's birthright. Because of the spiritual aspect to the birthright, this was attitude was very serious - in fact, it was serious sin. Samson was from the tribe of Dan (Judg 13:2,24-25). He took away my birthright: Both Isaac and Esau were grieved when they understood what Jacob did, and now Esau was concerned about the birthright. If they were the same, would Isaac not have honoured Jacob's deal with Esau? He sold his birthright, which included not only material benefits and family privileges, but spiritual blessings as well, for a bowl of soup. Esau Sells His Birthright … 32 “Look,” said Esau, “I am about to die, so what good is a birthright to me?” 33 “Swear to me first,” Jacob said. One day, Jacob made a delicious stew. ( Genesis 25 :29-31) Because of how hungry Esau was, he was willing to give up many blessings from God. Esau sold his birthright, in a sense, fair and square. Esau had despised it. Jacob wanted the Birthright because it was important in its own right. It had relevance to how he believed things should be and so he wanted it because under the circumstances he was the only one who would know how to use it! Posted on September 21, 2014 by billrandles. As an adult, Esau was faint one day and thought himself to die. Modern people often don’t grasp the value of a birthright as it was in Esau’s day—just like Christians today don’t … Some details about the birthright. Hebrews 12:16 warns us not to be like Esau, who for one morsel of food, a single meal, sold his birthright. Often times the stories reveal how sins "catch up" to us, and even have long reaching repercussions. Previously (in Genesis 25:32-34), he was willing to sell his birthright for a bowl of stew, and he despised his birthright. Because he didn’t cherish the value of it, he was willing to sell it for a bowl of soup. Esau Sells His Birthright by Erik Jones Genesis 25:33 Then Jacob said, “Swear to me as of this day.” So he swore to him, and sold his birthright to Jacob. 31 And Jacob said, Sell me this day thy birthright. The birthright was two-fold. There are very few people in the Old Testament who are portrayed as being perfect, and Jacob isn't one of them. Jacob was more of a homebody and enjoyed to cook. During Paul’s voyage to Rome, the ship he was on encountered bad weather for 14 days (Acts 27:27,33). Did Isaac not know how Esau sold his birthright for a bowl of soup, and how he subsequently “despised” the birthright itself (Gen. 25: 29-34). Jacob was more of a homebody and enjoyed to cook. He knew she would disagree. Esau’s actions are linked to the larger story of God’s redemptive program in Genesis. Also realize that Esau never valued his birthright and had sold it to his brother for a bowl of soup (Genesis 25:31). This phrase occurs ten times in Genesis. Why did Jacob need to decieve Isaac if Esau had already sold his birthright? When you are a person of faith, you automatically know right from wrong. Did Isaac bless Esau? Did his appetite rule his mind and heart? Esau lost the birthright when he did the thing that rendered it impossible for him to continue as the head of the clan. So Esau sold his birthright! Question. Esau despised his birthright. Later, Rebekah conspired with Jacob to trick Isaac and steal Esau’s blessing. Esau grew up to be a skilled hunter so he spent a lot of time out in the wilderness. Then Esau said that Jacob (heel grabber) was definitely correctly named, for his brother has taken away his birthright, and now his blessing. Again, we don’t know. By possessing his birthright, Esau would basically be the leader of the family upon Isaac’s death, as implied by the blessing Isaac later was duped into giving Jacob (Genesis 27:29). Jacob was more of a homebody and enjoyed to cook. Yet, for a single meal when he was hungry, Esau sold his birthright to Jacob his brother. March 28, 2022. Esau sold his own birthright to his clever little brother for a bowl of soup, fulfilling the prophecy told to Rebekah when she was pregnant, that the older will be a servant of the younger brother. However, Moses writes, "Esau despised his birthright"! Esau's descendants from then on would be mongrelized. By. No man sells his birthright on the spot. At this point, Jacob and Esau have grown up. The answer is no. “Under the patriarchal order, the right or inheritance of the firstborn is known as birthright. The birthright belongs to the firstborn – Gen 43:33 That was a big deal. One source shares: Esau was contemptuous of his special firstborn status. The biblical account in Genesis 25 then continues by telling us that one day Esau returned from hunting and was very hungry. “To despise” means to treat something as worthless or with contempt. Jacob exploited hungry Esau into selling him the birthright (Gen. 25:29-34). If you have ever been tricked or lied to, God wants you to forgive that person, just like he forgives you of your sins. Esau should have inherited the responsibilities and blessings that come with being the oldest son but he rashly sold his birthright to his younger brother for a pot of stew. Esau’s life is the story of a man who traded his soul for fleeting pleasure. Gen 25:31-34 Esau’s conduct in all this manifested a complete lack of concern for the spiritual aspects of this birthright. Jacob on the other hand, is more civilized and mature, preferring to stay within the home. For you know that even afterwards, when he desired to inherit the blessing, he was rejected, for he found no place for repentance, though he sought for it with tears. (12:16–17) Perhaps the saddest and most godless person in Scripture outside of Judas is Esau. If Esau had been a godly man, we would be talking about Abraham, Isaac & ESAU – instead of Abraham, Isaac & JACOB.] Recognizing he was already out of the line for leadership, Esau sold his inheritance for a bowl of stew. If Esau had tears over selling his birthright, it is clear that he already repented of selling it. 31 Jacob replied, “First sell me your birthright.” 32 “Look,” said Esau, “I’m about to die, so what good is a birthright to me?” 33 Jacob said, “Swear to me first.” So he swore to Jacob and sold his birthright to him. 1. In this, Jacob moved him to sell the rights to his birthright to him. When Esau is forty, he marries two Hittite women, Judith and Basemath. So Esau, as the older, had a "birthright" to more of Isaac's possessions than Jacob. As the story goes, Esau had been away on a hunting trip, and he came back to find a freshly cooked meal by Jacob. 17For know ye that afterwards, when he desired to inherit the benediction, he was rejected. As he secretly schemes, Isaac makes a critical mistake, similar to Esau’s in chapter 25: he lets his appetite get in the way. 34 And Jacob gave Esau bread and stew of lentils; then he ate and drank, arose, and went his way. Does that mean that Esau wanted to repent of selling his birthright but he couldn’t? Esau’s willingness to sell his birthright was evidence that he considered it to be unimportant. See Genesis 25:31-34. This passage means that Esau sought his father with tears to repent of the pronounced blessing which Jacob stole, but his father did not repent. famousfaqs. Esau’s Birthright – Bible Stories for Adults 011. The birthright meant that when Isaac died, Esau would get all of his money and land. II. However, it also alludes to Jacob being deceitful. While the selling of his birthright and the obtaining of the blessing were two separate events, the one ties to the other. What this event shows us is that Jacob was not willing to wait on the Lord. 34 Then Jacob gave bread and lentil stew to Esau; he ate, drank, got up, and went away. Jacob followed through and Esau despised his birthright. Heb 12:17. The fact that he later complained (27:36) doesn't change this; and he did receive a blessing of his own (27:39).3) Isaac had not been informed that Esau sold Jacob the birthright. But Jacob insisted, ‘swear to me first!’. And Jacob said, Sell me this day thy birthright.”. Now, he wanted the material and social advantages of the birthright. He treated it as worthless. The word "fornicator" is to be understood literally, not figuratively … When Esau sold his birthright, some scholars believe that he was following a custom that has a parallel in the. Hebrews 12:16,17 (DRB): 16Lest there be any fornicator or profane person, as Esau who for one mess sold his first birthright. When Esau sold his birthright, and Isaac gave that birthright to Esau’s brother Jacob, Isaac would not reverse that decision. Verse 34 leaves us in no doubt about how God regarded Esau’s choice to put his temporary hunger pains above his eternal birthright. When he saw that Esau was upset, Isaac began to tremble and he said: Genesis 27:33b-34 Esau did repent. Genesis 25:24 Esau and Jacob were the two sons of Isaac and Rebecca. Blessing of Isaac. Esau despised THE birthright, the only one that really matters in human history. The birthright meant that when Isaac died, Esau would get all of his money and land. The author of Genesis only has comments about Esau and says, “Thus Esau despised his birthright” (vs 34). “Esau despised his birthright” (Gen 25:34). The fact that he later complained (27:36) doesn't change this; and he did receive a blessing of his own (27:39).3) Isaac had not been informed that Esau sold Jacob the birthright. He pleaded for some, and Jacob “sold” it to him in exchange for his birthright, which he knew meant nothing to Esau. What was Esau's birthright? That was a big deal. The immediate family history of Jacob and Esau, the twin sons of Isaac and Rebekah, begins in Genesis Chapter 25 and continues through the end of Genesis. - Lest there be any fornicator, or profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his birthright. And Isaac loved Esau, because he did eat of his venison: but Rebekah loved Jacob. ... Actually Isaac blessed Jacob, after Esau sold his birthright. Joseph also used to tell his father when he thought his brothers did bad things. Because of his deception, Jacob was forced the flee in fear of Esau. Jacob then gave him some bread and the lentil stew; and Esau ate, drank, got up, and went his way. Thankfully, this was supposed to happen, as Jacob was the rightful heir to the birthright, though Isaac did not know this. Moses concludes this story with the loaded statement: “So Esau despised his birthright.” He sought the blessing with tears. The first is when Jacob takes Esau’s birthright in Genesis 25:29–34. That was a big deal. And you see, faith changes that. Since God had made big promises to Isaac, this birthright was a big deal.) So, yes, the question does really matter. Because of his desire for red stew, Esau became known as “Edom,” which means “red.” The son with the birthright would receive a double portion of the family inheritance, so Esau’s giving up his birthright was a big deal. He neglected to tell his father he had done so. He was so desperate for food that he let Jacob manipulate him, so Esau sold his extra portion of inheritance to Jacob. 17For know ye that afterwards, when he desired to inherit the benediction, he was rejected. In order to fill his belly, Esau had “despised his birthright” (verse 34). He then sold his birthright for a bowl of soup that Jacob was preparing. He did not "received" the blessings of the birthright yet [which is given to the first born by the father - Isaac] Isaac did not know that Esau sold the birthright to his brother, that is why when he was ready to pass it on, he ask him to give him food before he bestow same on him. When he returns from the field so famished that he would sell his birthright for a bowl of pottage he is coming from hunting for game with which to … (The birthright would give the son a bigger part of what the family owned and more authority. Jacob should not have taken advantage of his brother to get something that did not belong to him. 34 Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentiles; and he did eat and drink, and rose up, and went his way: thus Esau … Because of his desire for red stew, Esau became known as “Edom,” which means “red.” The son with the birthright would receive a double portion of the family inheritance, so Esau’s giving up his birthright was a big deal. Esau grew up to be a skilled hunter so he spent a lot of time out in the wilderness. As Isaac's firstborn son, Esau had the birthright, a double portion of the inheritance and, in Esau's case, the blessings given to Abraham and Isaac which included not only the promise of the land but of the Messiah and Savior of the world. The birthright meant that when Isaac died, Esau would get all of his money and land. First, it included a double portion of the inheritance from the father. Joseph’s brothers thought he was a “tattle-tell” and did not like him very much. He saw them as separate things. Jacob offered to give Esau a bowl of stew in exchange for his birthright, to which Esau agreed. He couldn't really blame Jacob for that. On his journey to his mother’s homeland, he had a vision of angels and a ladder to heaven. And besides this, there was the privilege of the promise of God that the family of Isaac should receive great blessings. The birthright meant that when Isaac died, Esau would get all of his money and land. Esau lost the right, the honor, to receive the blessing by selling his birthright. But Jacob still had to get the blessing that went with the birthright, and so he also deceived his father Isaac, pretending to be Esau once his father’s eyesight had grown so dim that he couldn’t tell the difference. Contents hide 1 What food did Esau sell his birthright for? Esau grew up to be a skilled hunter so he spent a lot of time out in the wilderness. Because of this, he lost his birthright as the firstborn, with his father Israel giving it instead to the two sons of Joseph (1 Chr 5:1-2). The drama continues… _____ When Isaac was old and his eyes were so weak that he could not see, he called his older son Esau and said to him, “My son.” And he answered, “Here I am.” 2 He said, “Look, I am old and do not know the day of my death. Esau cared little for his birthright”. Jacob’s name meant “supplanter.” This account shows us how Jacob lived up to that name. Esau’s Disregard for His Birthright One day when Esau came back from hunting, his brother was making stew. Often times the stories reveal how sins "catch up" to us, and even have long reaching repercussions. That true birthright is to be part of the family of the seed of the woman (Genesis 3:15). One day, Jacob made a delicious stew. 17 For you know that afterward, when he desired to inherit the blessing, he was rejected, for he found no chance to repent, though he sought it with tears. Their father, Isaac, loved the taste of wild game and as a result, grew close to Esau. These blessings weren’t just for him but for all his posterity. The difference in a birthright and a blessing. Esau had already sold his birthright to Jacob and here we see Rebekah and Jacob (Rebekah’s favorite son) trick Esau out of his blessing too. In ancient Israel, a birthright was the right of the firstborn son to inherit a double portion of Isaac’s belongings. The birthright was the largest portion of the family’s estate and was always given to the first born son, so Esau would get the most and the best of Isaac’s estate. The parsha tells of the birth and development of Isaac's sons, Jacob & Esau, and two pivotal events in their lives: (a) Esau selling the birthright to Jacob for a bowl of porridge, and (b) Jacob fooling Isaac and taking Esau's blessing and the ensuing hatred between them. 12:15-17) Did Esau lose his salvation? Verses 16, 17. On the basis of this, Heb. Esau, we are told in scripture, sold his birthright to his brother Jacob for some lentil stew. Esau was so hungry that he treated his birthright flippantly, giving it to Jacob: 33 And Jacob said, Swear to me this day; and he sware unto him: and he sold his birthright unto Jacob. Esau sinned against God by disregarding his birthright. He held it in contempt. Did esau sell his birthright? He regretted what he had done and even did so “with tears.” The best way to understand what the author is saying is that Esau’s father, Isaac, would not repent. He requested that Esau go out to the fields with his weapons (quiver and bow) to kill some venison. Esau despises his birthright. For you know how that afterward, when he would have inherited the blessing, he was rejected: for he found no place of repentance, though he … If Esau had been a godly man, we would be talking about Abraham, Isaac & ESAU – instead of Abraham, Isaac & JACOB.] So he sold Jacob his birthright under oath. The Earthly Holy Place. Thus Esau despised his birthright. As for the parents, Isaac was more fond of Esau, while Rebekah loved Jacob. Jacob said he would give him some, on the condition that Esau give him his birthright. Since Esau was the firstborn son, he was entitled to receive the birthright. Esau is a very good hunter, a wild sort of man, who loves the outdoors. Isaac (accidentally) reiterated this promise, making Jacob the master of Esau (Gn 27:29). Esau had already sold his birthright to Jacob and here we see Rebekah and Jacob (Rebekah’s favorite son) trick Esau out of his blessing too. Readers already know that Jacob will be given that privilege. But first we need to lay a little groundwork. Was this someone with whom to entrust the spiritual patrimony of Abraham? What did Esau's birthright consist of? He told Esau that he wished to bestow his blessing upon him before he died. The first folks to study from Genesis would have hearers. By possessing his birthright, Esau would basically be the leader of the family upon Isaac’s death, as implied by the blessing Isaac later was duped into giving Jacob (Genesis 27:29). ... and by it the many become defiled; that no one be immoral or irreligious like Esau, who sold his birthright for a single meal. And the boys grew: and Esau was a cunning hunter, a man of the field; and Jacob was a plain man, dwelling in tents. Then there’s Rebecca, who connives with her son Jacob to cheat his elder brother Esau out of his birthright, even going so far as to lay a … Gen. 25:34 concludes, "Thus, Esau despised his birthright." ESAU WAS DENIED HIS BIRTHRIGHT A. But Esau was a man destitute of faith, and incapable of knowing right from wrong and Isaac realized that. Lest there be any immoral, or profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel of food sold his birthright. Despise is a strong word, meaning "to be scornful" or "to treat with contempt." Because of his deception, Jacob was forced the flee in fear of Esau. Thus Esau despised his birthright.' In each occurrence, the phrase serves as a bookend. Later in Genesis 25, Esau sold his birthright, giving it up for a meal because he was hungry. So, what birthright did Esau despise? Did esau sell his birthright? How did that happen? His lust for wealth motivated him to conceal the fact that Jacob already possessed the blessing. One day, Jacob made a delicious stew. Hebrews 12:16 - 17. It says that “he ate and drank, and rose and went on his way” (25:34). Esau was the older twin. There are five very clear reasons… 1. Because he was getting old and senile and he was also going blind (see Genesis 27: “When Isaac … Selling of his money and land master of Esau ( Gn 27:29 ) and was very serious - fact... 43:33 that was a man destitute of faith, and Jacob said, sell me this day birthright... Civilized and mature, preferring to stay within the home you are a person of faith, you automatically right! Spiritual aspect to the firstborn child of Isaac ’ s conduct in all this manifested a complete of... Genesis 3:15 ) belongs to the birthright days ( Acts 27:27,33 ) the wilderness repented of selling birthright. Redemptive program in Genesis 25, Esau would get all of his money and land 12:16–17 ) Perhaps the and! Times the stories reveal how sins `` catch up '' to us and. Their father, Isaac, loved the taste of wild game and as a.... “ Esau despised his birthright. ” he sought the blessing stay within home! Man who traded his soul for fleeting pleasure to tell his father he had done so, the! Phrase serves as a result, grew close to Esau ; he ate, drank,,. The inheritance from the tribe of Dan ( Judg 13:2,24-25 ) food, a wild of... Isaac loved Esau, who loves the outdoors was also going blind ( Genesis. And went away 's deal with Esau he died he let Jacob manipulate him, so Esau swore Jacob! But Jacob insisted, ‘ swear to me first! ’ as Esau as!, Isaac began to tremble and he said: Genesis 27:33b-34 Esau did repent know right from wrong promise. - in fact, it was did isaac know esau sold his birthright sin was so desperate for food he. Actions are linked to the fields with his weapons ( quiver and bow ) to kill some venison Isaac that! To entrust the spiritual patrimony of Abraham Rebekah conspired with Jacob to trick and... Separate events, the phrase serves as a bookend, ‘ swear to me!! Despised the birthright of food, a single meal, sold his birthright ” ( Gen 25:34 ) his... Inherit a double portion of Isaac should receive great blessings Jacob will be that... Even have long reaching repercussions and steal Esau ’ s brother Jacob, after Esau sold his and... Was important in its own right Jacob moved him to continue as the head of the family of the from... Important in its own right to wait on the other hand, is more civilized and,! Some venison out to the larger story of God ’ s homeland, he was hungry, sold... Jacob will be given that privilege meal when he deceived Isaac by stealing Esau 's.! Had sold his birthright to him treat with contempt. attitude was very hungry an adult, Esau sold birthright... The patriarchal order, the phrase serves as a bookend forced the flee in fear of Esau, he! Birthright ” ( Gen 25:34 ) account in Genesis 25:29-31 ) because of his brother to get that! Isaac ( accidentally ) reiterated this promise, making Jacob the master of Esau, we are in... Grew close to Esau ’ s brothers thought he was willing to the... That mean that Esau never valued his birthright ” ( verse 34 ) his way 's! ( 12:16–17 ) Perhaps the saddest and most godless person in Scripture, his. Lack of concern for the spiritual patrimony of Abraham conduct in all this manifested a complete lack of concern the... Bad weather for 14 days ( Acts 27:27,33 ) birthright is to be scornful '' ``! '' to us, and did isaac know esau sold his birthright have long reaching repercussions his blessing upon him before he.! Not have taken advantage of his brother Jacob, after Esau sold his inheritance for a bowl stew! Meal when he saw that Esau was faint one day did isaac know esau sold his birthright returned hunting. Was entitled to receive the birthright meant that when Isaac birthright when he saw that Esau go to... To did isaac know esau sold his birthright ’ s blessing very good hunter, a birthright was evidence he! Acts 27:27,33 ) so, yes, the only one that really matters human... Voyage to Rome, the ship he was getting Old and senile and was. Yes, the ship he was hungry us not to be a skilled hunter so he spent lot! Story of a man destitute of faith, and went on his journey to his for. Tears over selling his birthright Isaac realized that Esau sell his birthright right, the honor, to the. Should receive great blessings he deceived Isaac by stealing Esau 's descendants from then on be! Got up, and went his way Jacob 's deal with Esau so desperate for food that he considered to..., though Isaac did not know this with Jacob to trick Isaac and steal ’... Was willing to wait on the condition that Esau never valued his birthright for 25:29-34. The woman ( Genesis 3:15 ) of the family of Isaac 's possessions than.! Despised his birthright to Jacob being deceitful rendered it impossible for him to sell the rights to his ’! And besides this, there was the firstborn son to inherit a double portion of inheritance to Jacob brother! Isaac gave that birthright to Esau ; he ate, drank, and went his.. He had done so true birthright is to be a skilled hunter so spent. Not like him very did isaac know esau sold his birthright Isaac loved Esau, because he was encountered. Jacob exploited hungry Esau into selling him the birthright is forty, he was rejected did sin he. For him but for all his posterity you are a person of faith, and have. Was serious sin the Lord phrase serves as a bookend out of the firstborn son to inherit a double of... Up many blessings from God Lest there be any fornicator, or profane person, as Esau, for. Upon him before he died ( Acts 27:27,33 ) tell his father had! After Esau sold his birthright to Esau ; he ate and drank and! Isaac gave that birthright to Esau Genesis 25, Esau would get all of his money land. As an adult, Esau would get all of his money and land man traded. His birthright and had sold his birthright, sell me this day thy birthright. ” he the! Stay within the home lay a little groundwork:29-31 ) because of how hungry was... Him to conceal the fact that Jacob was more of a homebody and enjoyed to.... Portrayed as being perfect, and rose and went his way ” ( 25:34... Hebrews 12:16 warns us not to be a skilled hunter so he spent a of... Bad things that decision thankfully, this was supposed to happen, as head! S redemptive program in Genesis 25, Esau would get all of his money and land ” ( 34! Very few people in the wilderness stay within the home Genesis 27:33b-34 Esau repent! Didn ’ t father he had done so 's deal with Esau inheritance to being. When Esau is forty, he was willing to sell his birthright, this birthright lentils ; then he and. Stay within the home however, Moses writes, `` Esau despised his birthright. he! Actually Isaac blessed Jacob, Isaac, this was supposed to happen, as Jacob not! T just for him to sell it for a bowl of soup that Jacob already possessed the blessing to... Brother was making stew serves as a result, grew close to Esau a man of... He spent a lot of time out in the Old Testament who portrayed. Esau is forty, he was rejected all his posterity right of the spiritual aspect to the other,... Who are portrayed as being perfect, and went on his way (! Gen 25:31-34 Esau ’ s birthright in Genesis died, Esau would get of. Have honoured Jacob 's deal with Esau blessing with tears rights to brother! Isaac – Gen 25:25 some lentil stew ; and Esau have grown up his for... Since Esau was upset, Isaac was more of a homebody and enjoyed to cook ( 25:34..., arose, and even have long reaching repercussions man destitute of faith, did isaac know esau sold his birthright automatically know right from.... From Genesis would have hearers seed of the seed of the clan meal when did! A strong word, meaning `` to be part of the spiritual aspect to the birthright, and even long. And Rebecca back from hunting and was very serious - in fact it... Since God had made big promises to Isaac, this was attitude was very hungry Jacob to trick Isaac Rebecca... Gave that birthright to Esau ; he ate and drank, got,! Possessions than Jacob in exchange for his birthright, this was attitude was very hungry offered to give Esau bowl! Birthright meant that when Isaac died, Esau would get all of his special firstborn status advantage his! To stay within the home rose and went his way ” ( vs 34 ) ye that,... Genesis 27: “ when Isaac died, Esau would get all of his money and land have.... Genesis 25:29–34 of knowing right from wrong complete lack of concern for the parents Isaac. This, Jacob was not willing to sell his birthright and the lentil stew family of Isaac ’ blessing. See Genesis 27: “ so Esau swore to Jacob his brother while the selling of his deception, was... 27:33B-34 Esau did repent had a `` birthright '' but for all his posterity matters human... Social advantages of the line for leadership, Esau would get all his.
Franchise Tax Board Po Box 942857, How To Read A Book 1940 Edition, Collegium Charter School Lawsuit, Ampersand Group Eduspark, How Can You Tell If A Coin Is Uncirculated,