conclusion of environmental impact of mining

4. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Extr Ind Soc. Range selection by semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in relation to infrastructure and human activity in the boreal forest environment, Northern Finland. Tolvanen A, et al. 2011;66(4):87991. Bubble size indicates the number of articles. This group included government ministries and agencies such as the Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation, the Mineral Inspectorate (Bergstaten) and County Administrative Boards, the mining industries branch organisation (Svemin) and individual companies such as LKAB Minerals and Boliden AB, Sami organisations, including the Sami Parliament, related research projects, and representatives of international assessment processes, such as activities within the Arctic Council. submission of the Mining Plan, vide Letter No. The most commonly reported study setting was collection from the field and analysis in the laboratory (n=358), followed by social science (n=102) and laboratory experiments (n=86) (see Fig. World Dev. McCormack PA. The current analysis focuses on . Release into the environment. Springer Nature. randomised control trials) designs for stronger evidence of causality, Cumulative impacts and multiple pressures, including effects related to a changing climate, Impacts on local and Indigenous communities, especially social, cultural, and health-related. Sonter LJ, et al. Impacts of mining activities on water and soil. With efforts to move away from fossil fuels, demand for minerals to support green energy technologies is expected to increase. Environ Evid. PLoS ONE. Here, we define a study to be an experiment or observation that was undertaken at a particular mine site, mitigation or ex-situ experiment with mine-specific treatments. Conclusions. community level social outcome measures) (n=68), followed by cancer rates/disease/mortality (n=57). Eligible intervention/exposure We included all impacts (positive, negative, direct and indirect) associated with any aspect of metal mining and its mitigation measures. Lithium is highly desirable given its light weight and its ability to store high amounts of energy. 2016;126:11121. Mining activities, including prospecting, exploration, construction, operation, maintenance, expansion, abandonment, decommissioning and repurposing may affect social and environmental systems in a range of direct and indirect, positive and negative ways. Reduction of acid rock drainage. Veiga MM, Hinton JJ. Internal validity should be assessed in subsequent systematic reviews. 1. The impact of mining operations on the surrounding land is also closely linked to the ecological setting of the mining sites. Kabir H, Bilgi C. Ontario gold miners with lung cancer: occupational exposure assessment in establishing work-relatedness. Mitigation measures designed for the alleviation of negative impacts of mining on social and environmental systems may not always be effective and may have undesired and unintended consequences, particularly in the long-term and across diverse systems (e.g. J Environ Manag. The most obvious (and arguably least serious) impact of mining is its visual, or aesthetic, impact. Article The current banking system seems even harder to measure than Bitcoin. As the demand for uranium grows, so too do the hazards associated with uranium mining. J Geochem Explor. Full BACI designs (before after control impacts) were least common (n=5). Groundwater quality was the most common factor mitigated (n=57), followed by soil surface quality (n=13) and flora species groups (n=11). Compounded with the environmental degradation resulting from the construction and operation of large-scale mines, the impact of mining on Indigenous people is significant (Bernauer, 2019). Stakeholders and rightsholders were invited to a specific meeting (held at Stockholm Environment Institute in September 2018) to help refine the scope, define the key elements of the review question, finalise a search strategy, and suggest sources of evidence, and also to subsequently provide comments on the structure of the final protocol [45]. Similarly, the different stakeholders of the mining industry see the environmental impact of a mining operation in varied perspectives. The Will to drill. Small scale-gold mining has caused environmental and its related problems in the Municipality. Haley S, et al. One of the effects of mining on the environment is erosion. Mitigation measures (as they are commonly described in the impact assessment literature) are implemented to avoid, eliminate, reduce, control or compensate for the negative effects of an intervention and ameliorate the local impacts [23]. SNL Metals and Mining Database: SNL; 2015 [Available from: https://www.snl.com/marketing/microsite/MEG/mm_pagetwo.html. Cumulative effects of human developments on arctic wildlife. Mchaina D. Environmental planning considerations for the decommissioning, closure and reclamation of a mine site. Within air, atmosphere was most common (n=9) and climate reported rarely (n=1). Only 5 articles examined just the impact/affected site with no real study design. The number of articles in the map according to the extraction stage. We have visualised this using a bespoke radial bubble plot that clusters outcomes across the hierarchy and show the volume of evidence at each level. Dudka S, Adriano DC. Method: Our group set up a questionnaire about peoples thoughts about the mine was it a positive or negative impact. The nature of impact. We differentiate here between articlesthe manuscripts in which data are presentedand outcome linesthe smallest independent data point in our map, corresponding to a measured outcome from a research article corresponding to a specific mine or mining area. Invitations to be included in this group were based on an initial stakeholder/rightsholder mapping process and soliciting expressions of interest (see Stakeholder Engagement Methodology Document, https://osf.io/cvh3u). Modelling studies and commentaries were not included. One article [53] reported across a suite of 7 affected factors. This list is indicative only and should not be taken as a priority list of topics for systematic review. The most commonly co-reported social factor was health/safety (n=5), which was the core focus of several articles measuring environmental health impacts. On the one hand, the economy can not develop better without the basic and solid help of mining resources; but from the perspective of environment, the development of the mining industry has a great impact on the environment, geology and resources, so that the balance of the natural environment has been broken, and the . Many of these commodities are found in critical forest landscapes, placing forests at increased risk as demand for minerals increases. Some members of the team are based in Canada and the representation of authors on this review was therefore felt to be beneficial in terms of identifying grey literature sources and the search string (see below). 2006;354(23):198211. Simon M. Canadian Inuit: where we have been and where we are going. Copper may also enter the environment through natural processes, such as volcanic eruptions, windblown dusts, decaying vegetation, and forest . https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-022-00282-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-022-00282-y. In Greenland and Norway post-closure was most frequent. Google Scholar. Although studies on life-cycle assessment of lithium batteries have been conducted, there is a paucity of information regarding the environmental impacts of the mining of the actual lithium raw material. Consequently, the exploitation and mining of lithium has generated much interest from various sectors of industry and society. Hypothesis: The mine will have a negative impact on the biodiversity and the people living there. These impacts have numerous effects imposed on society. The evidence base for research on the environmental and social impacts of mining has grown over recent years. 2018;50:66470. This shows that the most commonly reported system was biodiversity (n=352), followed by water (n=310), societies (n=178), and soil/geology (n=52), with air the least common (n=10). Mining and exploitation of mineral resources generally have a considerable impact on the land, water, air, and biological resources as well as socio-economic setting of the local population. This sector is characterized by the exploitation of primarily artisanal copper (Cu), gold (Au), and silver (Ag) deposits, which are dispersed throughout (Chilean) Regions I through VI, with heaviest concentrations in Regions III and IV. A list of articles that could not be retrieved at full text is available in Additional File 6. Systems are depicted by the bubble colour. However, mining poses environmental risks that can degrade the quality of soil and water, which can end up effecting us . ROSES flowchart for the systematic map, showing the number of records retained at each stage of the review process. 2. Coding and meta-data extraction then proceeded with one reviewer (AS). Summary. With a few exceptions, a mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic material with a unique chemical composition and physical characteristics.". The most commonly reported factors were individual fauna species (n=116), water sediment quality (n=104) and surface water quality (n=104). The number of articles using each type of comparator. The production of lithium also requires a great deal of water, which can disrupt local . Erosion. We will write a custom Essay on Mining and Its Impact on the Environment specifically for you. There is little empirical research on the impacts of mining on environmental and social systems in the literature. Accessed 4 Oct, Sveriges Geologiska Underskning. Nilsson AE, et al. For others the diamond has been a sign of dispute, death, exploitation, anguish, and blood shade. Despite this lag from searching to publication, we believe our map is still a valuable assessment of the state of the evidence base, particularly since our assessment of publication rates herein suggested a linear rather than exponential increase in relevant publications over time. AMBIO. In terms of positive impacts, mining is typically a source of local employment and may contribute to economies locally and regionally [e.g. Abstract and Figures. Freeman RE. If there will be a significant impact, mitigation measures are required by law in most countries to be implemented and monitored. In the first round, the agreement level achieved was 369/510 abstracts (NRH vs CA). The boreal ecosystem. Mining is the extraction of minerals and other geological materials of economic value from deposits on the Earth. Reviewers did not screen articles (at title and abstract or full-text) for which they were an author. the most commonly reported system was biodiversity (39%), followed by water (34%), societies (20%), and soil/geology (6%), with air the least common (1%). We have summarised the review process in a ROSES flow diagram, using the ROSES flow diagram R package [51]. To date, there appears to be little research on the effectiveness of mitigation measures applied to mining projects to achieve the desired mitigation outcome, and we are not aware of any synthesis of the effectiveness of metal mining oriented mitigation measures that considers impacts on both society and the environment. Periodiska publikationer. The Benefits of Bitcoin Mining for the Planet. Numbers are not mutually exclusive and include articles studying multi-ore mines. Int J Surf Min Reclam Environ. Potential leaks and spills of fuel and toxic products also contribute to pollution. Extr Ind Soc. Intervention/exposure Impacts (direct and indirect, positive and negative) associated with metal mining (for gold, iron, copper, nickel, zinc, silver, molybdenum and lead) or its mitigation measures. BACI) and experimental (e.g. The infrastructure created by mining operations in remote, untouched landscapes can lead to improved access to these regions which may result in further human-caused disturbance to the local ecological systems. 2016;84:21934. Aim: To investigate the mining industry's effect on both the community and the environment. All data are available as supplementary information and via the Open Science Framework project site for 3MK: https://osf.io/cvh3u. The Environmental Impacts of cryptomining. 808 certified writers online. Pullin A, Frampton G, Livoreil B, Petrokofsky G. Guidelines and Standards for evidence synthesis in environmental management Version 5.0. the intersection between environmental and social): for example, a mitigation measure designed to effect an environmental change may have unintended knock-on social impacts. While a broad body of evidence from quantitative studies exists that establishes the interlinkages between mining operations and effects on public health, little research has been conducted investigating health impacts from the . roads, ports, railway tracks, power lines) may affect migratory routes of animals and worsen habitat fragmentation [9, 10]. 2015;38(3):194227. The Northbothnian Technological Megasystem: Urbanization, territorial metabolism and political ecologies. 2001;15(3):16376. Examples of potentially serious environmental impacts of Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. An essential aspect of transparent assessment processes is access to relevant scientific information on all aspects on the implications of mining, and the mapping provided in this paper shows that information on many aspects is limited, especially impacts related to social wellbeing and the interactions between social and environmental factors. This paper provides an exposition on the environmental impacts of mining activities in Ghana. Obiri-Nyarko F, et al. Image: UNEP. These searches involved manual screening of each website for a publications section, followed by searching using basic search terms if a search facility was present. Mining can yield a range of benefits to societies, but it may also cause conflict, not least in relation to above . 9). Haddaway NR, et al. A consistency check was also conducted prior to screening articles at full-text on 69 articles. In this sense, the first decade of the 21st century in particular has seen a renewed debate about mining and its sustainability (Mudd, 2010) owing to public concern about the current degradation of the environment (Hilson and Murck, 2000). Produced using the R package ROSES_flowchart [51]. The process of mining dates back to prehistoric times.. Prehistoric people first mined flint, which was ideal for tools and weapons since it breaks into shards with sharp edges. 11). * If the mining sites are near bodies of water chemicals can also poison the water and the fish, it can also destroy beautiful coral reefs. Then, the effect of two improvers and a woody plant, Nerium oleander L., on the combined remediation of lead-zinc tailings was compared . Appleton J, et al. Where large bodies of evidence exist (e.g. 2011. Across all articles, the most commonly reported outcome category was metal concentration (n=357), followed by water quality (n=104) and species biomass or distribution (n=102) (see Fig. Polar Geogr. James KL, et al. 14 and available as an interactive plot on the project website (https://3mkproject.github.io/research.html). For example, there is a dearth of evidence on these impacts on the Sami; a group of traditional people inhabiting a region spanning northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. Thus, the pressure on the environment is still heavy. Google Scholar. It is executed in extensive land areas, creating large diameter craters and deepening as the process progresses. The distribution of studies across outcome measures was relatively even (see Fig. In: Frank-Kamenetskaya OV, Panova EG, Yu Vlasov D, editors. Fennia-Int J Geogr. environmental effects on the air, water and soils. Our systematic map database and visualisations of the evidence in heat maps allow readers to gauge gaps and clusters, but here we suggest some areas of the evidence base that are sufficient in number to perhaps be suitable for synthesis in full systematic reviews. Santiago: Collaboration for Environmental Evidence; 2018. Environ Evid. * Fertile land can also be affected, land can become very hard and dry because of the chemicals as well. Rovaniemi: fi= Lapin yliopisto| en University of Lapland; 2018. An interactive version is available at the project website; https://3mkproject.github.io/research.html. ROSES RepOrting standards for Systematic evidence syntheses: pro forma, flow-diagram and descriptive summary of the plan and conduct of environmental systematic reviews and systematic maps. 2006;48(2):8190. Eligible outcome Any and all outcomes (i.e. All the relevant parameter like: air quality, noise levels, local unemployment, crime, degradation etc has to be assessed prior to mining in feasibility report . Environ Earth Sci. Copper was the most commonly reported metal (n=208), followed by gold (n=162) and zinc (n=141) (see Fig. Mining adversely affects the environment by inducing loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and contamination of surface water, groundwater, and soil. In Zambia, impacts from mining results from both historical and ongoing mining operations, and the majority of them is located in the Copperbelt district. The systematic map stakeholders and rightsholders and those of the broader 3MK project have an intentionally Scandinavian focus as a result of our research interests and funding. Gibson G, Klinck J. Canadas resilient north: the impact of mining on aboriginal communities. J Occup Med 1993; 35(12):12037. A wide range of technologies have been implemented in the treatment of contaminated waters (e.g. Each substring was developed iteratively based on expert input from the review team, advisory group and stakeholders. Eligible study type We included both primary empirical research and secondary research (reviews were catalogued in a separate database). Google Scholar. Conclusion. Pimatisiwin. New York: Springer; 2018. p. 21328. The least frequently reported outcome was hydrological flow or landscape change (n=16). As a result, the systematic map represents a snapshot of research from the end of 2018. Coal dust generated through the mining process can be carried by the wind. Yellow blocks indicate the stages were reported in the same article. Semenova I, et al. ROSES_flowchart: R package and Shiny app for generating systematic review and map flow diagrams (Version 0.0.1). Decomm./closure=decommissioning or closure. Climate change is also a significant impact category for alluvial and open-pit mining. An Environmental Investigative Mission (EIM) in September 2002 indictaed that heavy metal content (lead, cadmium and copper) was elevated in the soil and waters downstream from the Lepanto mine. The results include analysis of the mining impacts of Tin and Coal on the environment. Polar Geogr. Hossain D, et al. Australas Psychiatry. In: Martin B, Bocking S, editors. 2010;37(2):194203. Four articles were not found because they lacked abstracts and/or keywords. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Koivurova T, et al. No formal in-depth critical appraisal was made of study validity after their inclusion in the systematic map, since it is an optional part of systematic mapping methodology [49]. Full descriptions of the mitigation measures encountered are provided in the map database (Additional File 8). Studies were separated by line if the intervention impacted different systems (populations) within the same article. Lithium mining can cause soil, water, and air pollution if done without proper management and regulation. Environ Evid 11, 30 (2022). Exploration, construction, operation, and maintenance of mines can change land-use substantially, and may negatively affect environments, for example through deforestation, erosion, contamination and alteration of soil profiles, contamination of local streams and wetlands, and an increase in noise level, dust and emissions [1,2,3,4,5]. Following this consistency checking, the remaining articles were split between the two reviewers (AS and AJ) and allowed to proceed. The environmental impact of underground mines. Restructuring and risk-reduction in mining: employment implications for northern Sweden. The Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG) of the Arctic Council. Challenges and opportunities in the phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils: a review. In conclusion, the balance between geological, environmental, ecological, social, cultural, and economic factors makes the topic of mining in Indigenous . Strosnider W, et al. ConceptualisationNRH; methodologyNRH; softwareNRH; formal analysisNRH; investigationJJT, AS, CA, NRH; data curationJJT, NRH; writingoriginal draftNRH; writingreview and editingNRH, AS, JJT, CA, SJC, ARN, PL; visualisationNRH; supervisionJJT; project administrationNRH, JJT; funding acquisitionNRH, AEN. In: Bay-Larsen I, Skorstad B, Dale B, editors., et al., The will to drill-mining in Arctic communites. The publication years of articles included in the map. The impact of mining operations on the environment. New York: Springer; 2016. p. 189201. Policy-makers should be aware that the social impacts from mining in particular begin early on in a projects lifetime. 2017;4(1):2435. Outcome Any and all outcomes observed in social and environmental systems described in the literature were iteratively identified and catalogued. Mine abandonment, decommissioning and repurposing may positively and negatively affect social impacts. Top 5 Environmental Impacts of Strip Mining. Insights from an expert focus group. For instance, in regards to coal mining, underground mining has different impacts compared to open cut mines. 2014;41:915. This paper analyses the importance and environmental impacts of metallic small-scale mining in Chile. Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining mitigation measures on socialecological systems in Arctic and boreal regions: a systematic map, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-022-00282-y, https://3mkproject.github.io/research.html, https://www.snl.com/marketing/microsite/MEG/mm_pagetwo.html, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.124, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. At the project website ( https: //www.snl.com/marketing/microsite/MEG/mm_pagetwo.html not least in relation to.. Risk-Reduction in mining: employment implications for northern Sweden first round, the different stakeholders of the mining see. 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