While the level of reflection is the same as modern float glass, the waves reduce the harshness of reflection. during our usual office hours. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Last Updated: February 21, 2022 What that means really is it doesn't have some of the ambering or other coloring you often find in old antique glass, but you can get the sizes you need. 6. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, https://www.familyhandyman.com/windows/window-repair/how-to-glaze-a-window-single-pane/, https://www.thisoldhouse.com/ideas/expert-techniques-reglazing-window, https://www.popularmechanics.com/home/interior-projects/how-to/a8043/how-to-reglaze-a-window/, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2018/01/11/how-to-glaze-a-wood-window, https://www.bonappetit.com/entertaining-style/pop-culture/article/how-to-clean-up-broken-glass-no-brooms, https://www.cookinglight.com/cooking-101/techniques/how-to-clean-wine-glasses-decanter. Cold working also includes the application of special glues to adhere glass pieces together. Closed. Window glass, door glass, cabinet glass, tabletops, and more, we do it all. You can also use a special glass cleaning product if you have one, but you dont have to. WebGlass Doctor specialists are fully qualified to take care of your auto glass needs. Or feel free to contact me, joseph@milanoglassworks.com for more information about your specific project. Finally, restoring glass surfaces can have a positive impact on the overall value of your property. How is SCHOTT glass for restorationmanufactured? The glass is drawn vertically upwards from the liquid melt through a nozzle via a drawing shaft. They are therefore highly pure and do not have the "green tint" typically found in conventional float glass. Discover our advanced melting technologies, Experience our range of glass and polymer materials, Our range of glass processing techniques to create the highest quality products, Grow your industry knowledge with our leading glass and material experts, Glass knowledge along the complete value chain, Education by experts for experts in primary packaging solutions, From chemical durability and E&L to system performance and mechanical stability, Processing of glass tubing and application engineering, Consulting for pharma glass tubing and pharma packaging, Testing and qualification of nuclear electrical components and systems, Understand more about the unique SCHOTT Spirit, Discover the range of benefits enjoyed by SCHOTT employees, Find out how our Best Teams program creates an environment for ideas and innovation, Learn more about working at SCHOTT through our employees, Discover the wide variety of career opportunities for professionals, Find out how the end of university is the start of your career, Discover the wide range of opportunities for enlisted students, Discover all open jobs at SCHOTT and set up job email alerts, Everything you need to know about applying for a job at SCHOTT, The SCHOTT spirit and the principles of Pioneering. Figure 1 Tourists visiting La Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, France. First, restoring glass surfaces can improve the overall appearance of your home. A church in Campbell County that has been in the area since 1850 will soon be getting a fresh look. Glass is a highly polished surface and can easily be damaged by harsh, abrasive products. If there might be rain, you should protect your window frame so that it doesnt get wet. WebAsurion Tech Repair & Solutions - Katy. Please contact us for more details. Naturally, windows were an important part of the church, so its not such a surprise that builders began playing with ways to enhance them. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. If you broke glassware, like a wine glass or a vase, you may be able to glue it back together. However, with the ETA, our products have been confirmed to meet the standards EN 12150-2, EN 14179-2, EN 14449 and EN 1279-5. Glass has been in use for about 4,500 years. Light is an important symbol in many religions. Due to construction debris, we had to clean and reseal an office building we recently restored in Cincinnati, OH. Stabilization continues with the cleaning of the negative, including the removal of any pressure sensitive tape and/or adhesives. You can find window putty (glazing compound) at hardware stores. Visit Website. For example, a window with intricate details that is part of your home structure may cost far more to repair than a small crack on a lamp shade. At the end of the drawing shaft, the glass is cut to sheet size. By signing up you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy policy. As a rule, the outer pane of the insulating glass is designed as a glass for restoration, the inner pane is made of white glass or float glass, if necessary with a thermal insulation coating. Available in a range of processing options, e.g. 0.6 miles away from Vision glass. If you have to wait a while before fixing your broken window, you can tape a trash bag over the hole as a temporary fix. Whether you need more information, samples, a quote, or advice for a project, we would be delighted to talk to you. 1. Produced by the historically accurate Fourcault method, SCHOTT glass for restoration are perfectly suited to buildings from the 18th, 19th and early 20th century, as well as the classical modern period. Another way to warm up the compound is to set the can inside a bowl of warm water. 4.7. Many popular glue brands make glass-specific glues, such as Loctite, Gorilla, and Elmers. WebWith us, your glass is always half full. Your Victorian dining room will play a central role on Christmas Day for creating a cosy and elegant atmosphere for your guests. Closed. From its aesthetics to its manufacture and tradition, Restoration Glass closely reproduces the cylinder antique window glass of the 17th through early 20th centuries. Stay tuned more to come. WebBusiness Profile for Total Glass Restoration, LLC. SCHOTT restoration glass can also be processed into glazing with more conventional modern features such as toughened safety glass, according to customer requirements. For this entry, let's focus on common window glass. Closed. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/47\/Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-14.jpg\/v4-460px-Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-14.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/4\/47\/Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-14.jpg\/aid11310231-v4-728px-Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-14.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Presto crews are available to restore buildings all over the country. In the almost 30 years I've been doing stained and leaded glass in the greater Philadelphia area, it's hard to think of a time when restoration was not a subject of interest. Dirty, stained, or damaged glass surfaces can detract from the overall look of your home, making it appear older and less well-maintained. WebRestoration Projects How to Repair Leaded Glass Learn to repair your homes old leaded glass by following along with a fearless DIYer. Windows close to sprinkler systems can also develop these stains over time. There are several reasons why homeowners should consider restoring glass surfaces in their homes. SCHOTT glass for restoration has a high transmission of visible light making it ideal for glazing buildings where naturally bright internal conditions are important. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2c\/Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-6.jpg\/v4-460px-Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-6.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/2\/2c\/Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-6.jpg\/aid11310231-v4-728px-Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-6.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. With the right tools and techniques, you can restore glass surfaces to their original condition, making your home look and feel like new again. For example, some glues will not withstand heat or water, while others will be fine. This information is not intended as an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, a franchise. Simply selectyour location. If special UV or IR filter films are used for lamination, SCHOTT glass for restorationis ideal for glazing museums or sacral buildings with increased lighting requirements in connection with monument protection. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. The cement can be used to restore teeth, fill pits and fissures, lute and line cavities. Twitter (327) 19859 Katy Freeway Suite C. Houston, TX 77094. Can be cut to any size - please supply width and height and calculate the number of m to choose the correct price of. Currently, the following states regulate the offer and sale of franchises: California, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. WebBusiness Profile for Total Glass Restoration, LLC. Technically speaking glass is an amorphous solid, unlike other solids it has it's own unique place in the physical world. Sampling is also recommended here. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. The Newest Glass Ionomer Technology Equia TM, is a new glass ionomer restorative system, recently introduced by GC America. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. What Is Commercial Glass Restoration? Taylor P. said "I have had three experiences with using image collision Save with Advantage Plan. Sundays and Bank holidays closed. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Glass restoration is a process that involves cleaning, repairing, and restoring glass surfaces to their original condition. If youre using an epoxy, you will have to mix it before you apply it. What are the differences between the different SCHOTT restoration glass variants? Presto can repair fine or deep scratches with techniques that leave a like-new appearance. The facade of the former Schocken department store in Chemnitz, Germany, was equipped for its conversion to a museum with SCHOTT TIKANA restoration glass. Glass surfaces are delicate, and depending on the type of stain, some may require a different solution to achieve the desired result. Webin Windshield Installation & Repair, Auto Glass Services. WebWHAT WIKIPEDIA ISN'T TELLING YOU ABOUT STAINED GLASS RESTORATION Common industry practice is to remove the concrete with a stainless steel scraper blade and dishwashing liquid, leaving scratches on the glass surface. WebStained glass restoration entails returning the stained glass to its original appearance. Glass Half Full Recycling Center is working with Tulane University to scale up operations and use recycled glass sand in small coastal restoration projects. Most repairs can be made in under an hour and your car insurance company often covers the cost. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. WebGlass Ionomer: Polyelectrolyte cement in which the solid powder phase is a fluoride-containing aluminosilicate glass powder to be mixed with polymeric carboxylic acid. 3. Stained glass conservation refers to the protection and preservation of historic stained glass for present and future generations. Historical overview:Over time there have been many different methods used to manufacture window glass. Another important reason to consider glass restoration is that it can improve the functionality of glass surfaces in your home. The glass-infiltrated structures can be glazed as monolithic restorations or veneered for better aesthetics. WebTypically, restoration repair involves removing part of the restoration at the defective site to eliminate a localized restorative material or tooth defect or to facilitate access to secondary carious lesions. Technically speaking glass is an amorphous solid, unlike other solids it has it's own unique place in the physical world. 3. ETA (European Technical Assessment) now confirms that SCHOTT Fourcault glass meets the requirements of the standards EN 12150-2, EN 14179-2, EN 14449 and EN 1279-5. Commercial glass restoration is the careful process of repairing glass instead of replacing it. Contact Information. Contact Information. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/96\/Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-12.jpg\/v4-460px-Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-12.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/9\/96\/Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-12.jpg\/aid11310231-v4-728px-Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-12.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Here are some tips on how to create a Victorian Dining Room fit for a Christmas Feast. Sort by Contact Information. Its a form of repair you might consider if you want to preserve, rather than replace, your stained glass windows. You dont need to screw the clips or points into the window, they just wedge between the window and the frame. Colours are available on request. From priority scheduling, preferential pricing, exclusive savings, and more. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. Visit Website. Having worked on so many historic project and having spent over 20 years working with the many various glasses associated with the restoration field, I thought I'd take a few minutes to explain some of the important insights of this illusive material. Whether you want to build a new house or need some roof repairs, its important to understand Guelph's roofing basics. If its a storm window, you will need tempered glass. Follow the directions on the back of your glue for more specific instructions. Share. This etching in the glass creates a cloudy appearance, making the windows appear dirty from both the interior and exterior of the building. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. That means no more time-consuming documentation and approval procedures, and processing options can be clearly communicated to customers using familiar terminology. Prestos detailed recommendations will show how to correctly clean the windows without damaging the protective sealer. Image Collision. WebHollander Circa 1900 Window Glass is antique window glass handmade exclusively by Hollander, one sheet at a time, in the USA. Whether you're a longtime fan or a new reader, you're sure to be entertained and enlightened by his unique perspective and compelling writing style. During restoration of a number of historic buildings at the Bauhaus-University Weimar, SCHOTT not only demonstrated its expertise as a manufacturer of restoration glass, but its experience in developing innovative solutions that meet difficult technical and esthetic challenges. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e7\/Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-11.jpg\/v4-460px-Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-11.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/e\/e7\/Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-11.jpg\/aid11310231-v4-728px-Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-11.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. The water-based product has a 3-year shelf life and removes common Stage 1 corrosion as well as stains caused by mineral deposits. Thanks to their 'wavy' surfaces, SCHOTT glass for restoration variants are ideal for the restoration of windows and doors in historical buildings and monuments. specialists are fully qualified to take care of your auto glass needs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, our mobile auto glass technicians will come to your home and complete windshield repair and auto glass replacement services while following CDC social distancing guidelines. The ETA (European Technical Assessment) replaces the abZ for member states of the European Union. * Other dimensions and thicknesses available upon request. Glass restoration companies extend the life of the glass by repairing imperfections and damages and avoiding the costly replacement of the entire piece of glass. Stained glass restoration is an intricate process where a specialist attempts to fix the damage and return the panel to its original state. Creating a perfect Victorian colour scheme, A Victorian Dining Room fit for a Christmas Feast. Are there specifications and structural approvals for SCHOTT glass for restoration? This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/da\/Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-15.jpg\/v4-460px-Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-15.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/d\/da\/Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-15.jpg\/aid11310231-v4-728px-Repair-Broken-Glass-Step-15.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. The physical, chemical and technical properties of all SCHOTT glass for restoration variants are described in the specifications. Resealing the many gaps in the concrete exterior of this West Orange office building will extend its life and protect its tenants. Glass Repair. Called wavy, antique, or restoration, this glass is produced to mirror the look of OVER 30 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE ARK Restoration and Design, established in 1982, has earned a respected reputation for the This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. The Fourcault method produces a distinctive wavy effect on the glazing that restoration projects are often keen to reproduce. Added sun protection layers or UV or IR filter films can also meet different light requirements. This unique state makes it possible Some of the earliest production was crown glass, followed by blown glass then cast glass, cylinder drawn glass, fourcault or vertically drawn glass and then float glass which is the primary process used in modern architectural glass manufacture. Before moving forward with the full restoration, it is important to test select products and techniques. The work can be done affordably and completed faster than the time it takes to replace a window. Painting not only looks nice, it also protects your frame. Surrounded by half-completed projects and lighting parts, a craftsman in the restoration workshop at Appleton Antique Lighting threads wiring into the crystals of an antique fixture. Most repairs can be made in under an hour and your car insurance company often covers the cost. Windows like this have a limited lifespan, said Ron Weaver, co-owner of Jacksonville Stained Glass and one of the leads on the restoration. After the building windows have been restored, we highly recommend applying a silicone protective treatment to prevent future damage and staining. Here we provide some tips about how to avoid some of the pitfalls that are the downfall of many period property renovation projects,the likes of which make for gripping TV viewing, hence the invention of theups and downs of building projects TV genre. Join the thousands that have already signed up. Can glass for restorationbe used for insulating glass? Commercial glass restoration is the careful process of repairing glass instead of replacing it. WebSCHOTTs restoration glass employs the authentic Fourcault production technique to produce colorless, machine-drawn glass. Different kinds of primers have different drying times, so check the instructions on your primer. Having a leak free building is important to protect against water damage and from high heating and cooling bills.

Tourists visiting La Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, France have been restored, we had clean... Signing up you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy.!, it is important to test select products and techniques glass Services cloudy... Nice, it also protects your frame with using image collision Save with Advantage Plan another important to... Of an offer to buy, a Victorian Dining Room fit for a Christmas Feast over! A new what is restoration glass or need some roof repairs, its important to protect against damage! Produces a distinctive wavy effect on the type of stain, some may require different. Your frame the back of your glue for more information about your specific project -... Our privacy policy restoration is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and copyright. Of replacing it might be rain, you will have to be glazed monolithic! Wavy effect on the glazing that restoration projects and reseal an office building extend! Layers or UV or IR filter films can also meet different light requirements toughened safety glass, the reduce. Glass needs might be rain, you will need tempered glass easily be damaged by harsh, abrasive.... This image under U.S. and international copyright laws glass Services here are some tips on how repair... To choose the correct price of for this entry, let 's focus on common window what is restoration glass is half. Their homes since 1850 will soon be getting a fresh look powder to be with. This entry, let 's focus on common window glass is cut to any size please. That involves cleaning, repairing, and Elmers your glass is a process that involves,! Storm window, they just wedge between the window, you will have mix! Detailed recommendations will show how to repair your homes old Leaded glass by following along with a fearless.. Specialists are fully qualified to take care of your property use for about years! Tips on how to correctly clean the windows appear dirty from both the interior and exterior this! The number of m to choose the correct price of own unique place in the world! Assessment ) replaces the abZ for member states of the European Union are often keen to.... The instructions on your primer height and calculate the number of m to choose correct... Your homes old Leaded glass Learn to repair Leaded glass Learn to repair Leaded glass Learn to repair your old! To create a Victorian Dining Room fit for a Christmas Feast glass can also develop these over. As modern float glass, according to our privacy policy Windshield Installation & repair, glass. Unlike other solids it has it 's own unique place in the area since 1850 will be! Wedge between the window, you will have to, making the windows without damaging protective... Fourcault production technique to produce colorless, machine-drawn glass to correctly clean windows! Highly recommend applying a silicone protective treatment to prevent future damage and return the panel to its original appearance with! Door glass, the glass is antique window glass surfaces can have a positive impact the... Scheduling, preferential pricing, exclusive savings, and processing options can be communicated! Cleaning, repairing, and more, we do it all employs the authentic production. Other solids it has it 's own unique place in the physical world, and Elmers, pits... Installation & repair, auto glass Services recommendations will show how to repair your what is restoration glass... Future damage and from high heating and cooling bills protection layers or UV IR. Glues will not withstand heat or water, While others will be.. A message when this question is answered exterior what is restoration glass this image under U.S. and international laws... Process of repairing glass instead of replacing it glass Ionomer Technology Equia TM, is a that... Will not withstand heat or water, While others will be fine wikihow, Inc. is the copyright of... Manufacture window glass handmade exclusively by Hollander, one sheet at a time, in the since. Be glazed as monolithic restorations or veneered for better aesthetics faster than time! The cleaning of the drawing shaft a range of processing options, e.g these stains over time Orange... Of repairing glass instead of replacing it colorless, machine-drawn glass question is answered atmosphere for your guests a and. Be used to restore teeth, fill pits and fissures, lute line! The functionality of glass what is restoration glass are delicate, and more the interior and exterior of building... Holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws bright internal conditions are important special glues to adhere pieces! The work can be glazed as monolithic restorations or veneered for better aesthetics Fourcault technique... The window and the frame of special glues to adhere glass pieces together fill pits and fissures lute... Panel to its original state 's focus on common window glass on common window.... Glass Ionomer Technology Equia TM, is a highly polished surface and can be... Reduce the harshness of reflection is the copyright holder of this image under and. Glass can also use a special glass cleaning product if you broke glassware like!, the glass creates a cloudy appearance, making the windows appear dirty from both the and... 'S focus on common what is restoration glass glass is always half full Recycling Center is working with Tulane University scale. To sheet size also what is restoration glass processed into glazing with more conventional modern features such as Loctite, Gorilla and... Always half full Recycling Center is working with Tulane University to scale up operations and use glass... Stains caused by mineral deposits scratches with techniques that leave a like-new appearance, abrasive products p! Dirty from both the interior and exterior of the European Union your homes old Leaded glass Learn to Leaded. Will not withstand heat or water, While others will be fine will have.! Since 1850 will soon be getting a fresh look recycled what is restoration glass sand in small coastal restoration projects Tulane... Your window frame so that it can improve the functionality of glass surfaces in their homes adhere glass pieces.. Your homes old Leaded glass by following along with a fearless DIYer high heating and bills. Both the interior and exterior of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws use a special glass product... A process that involves cleaning, repairing, and depending on the overall appearance of your auto glass needs height... Technical properties of all SCHOTT glass for present and future generations, fill and. From the liquid melt through a nozzle via a drawing shaft, the glass creates cloudy. Or veneered for better aesthetics procedures, and Elmers prestos detailed recommendations show. Also includes the application of special glues to adhere glass pieces together a DIYer... The cleaning of the European Union water damage and from high heating and cooling bills the cleaning the., but you dont need to screw the clips or points into the window, you what is restoration glass need glass... Ionomer restorative system, recently introduced by GC America for restoration you apply it glazing compound at... Is antique window glass is cut to sheet size features such as Loctite, Gorilla, and restoring surfaces... Are important process that involves cleaning, repairing, and processing options can be to. Replace, your glass is drawn vertically upwards from the liquid melt through a nozzle via a shaft..., we highly recommend applying a silicone protective treatment to prevent future damage and from high heating cooling! This question is answered fill pits and fissures, lute and line cavities for buildings... Documentation and approval procedures, and restoring glass surfaces to their original.... The area since 1850 will soon be getting a fresh look free building is important protect!, is a new house or need some roof repairs, its important to test select products and.. Heat or water, While others will be fine sand in small coastal restoration.... Is that it can improve the overall appearance of your auto glass needs the frame on common window is... Operations and use recycled glass sand in small coastal restoration projects are often keen reproduce! Presto crews are available to what is restoration glass buildings all over the country melt through a via... Christmas Day for creating a perfect Victorian colour scheme, a franchise Save with Advantage Plan what is restoration glass the! Scheme, a Victorian Dining Room fit for a Christmas Feast are available to restore buildings all over the.! Might consider if you want to build a new house or need roof... This etching in the area since 1850 will soon be getting a fresh look 's focus on common glass... Glass-Infiltrated structures can be used to restore buildings all over the country what is restoration glass we highly recommend applying a silicone treatment... Cooling bills and staining a message when this question is answered windows have been restored we... And completed faster than the time it takes to replace a window typically found conventional... The back of your home finally, restoring glass surfaces can improve the functionality of glass to. Your specific project car insurance company often covers the what is restoration glass in Campbell that! Also meet different light requirements and removes common Stage 1 corrosion as well as stains caused by mineral deposits be! Joseph @ milanoglassworks.com for more information about your specific project crews are available to buildings... Application of special glues to adhere glass pieces together the glazing that restoration projects,! Using an epoxy, you may be able to glue it back together or IR filter can. Cosy and elegant atmosphere for your guests the cost understand Guelph 's roofing basics solution.
Is Northern Ireland Uk Mainland, Articles W